ABSTRACT
Portulaca oleracea [PO] and Melissa officinalis [MO] overgrow in the different parts of Iran. In previous studies, systemic administration of the extracts of PO and MO induces antinociceptive, anxiolytic and anticonvulsive, sedative effects in animals. This study was designed to evaluate different doses of the aqueous decoction extracts of PO and MO on sleeping time on mice. Male albino mice [25-30 g] were used in this study. The animals divided to control [saline], PO [25, 50 and 75 mg/kg] and MO [5, 10 and 25 mg/kg] groups [by IP injection]. For measuring of sleeping time we used Angle method. The results have shown that three doses of PO and two doses of 10 and 25 MO significantly increased sleeping time [p=0.000]. This finding showed that PO and MO may be play important role on the modulation of sleeping time
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Cuminum Cyminm [CC] is one of the plants whose aqueous extract is used in traditional medicine as anti-convulsive, anti-epileptic and as a tretment for some visceral pains. However, no substantial reports can be found of its effects on the peripheral pain in lab animals. Therefore, this study was condcated to determine the eefects of the IP injection of the aqueous extract of CC on the acute peripheral pain in Hot Plate [HP] and Tail Flick [TF] tests in mice
Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted on 56 male Albino mice [8 groups each with 7 mice] weighing 25-30 gr. 200 and 500 mg/kg of the aqueous extract of CC or saline of the volume were injected intraperitoeally 30 minutes prior to the tests. Pain measrment criteria in the TF test was the response time to the pain by raising the tail, and in the HP test the time to begin to lick the front legs or raising the rear feet
Results: The IP injection of the CC aqueous extract with the doses of 200 and 500 mg/kg significantly increasd the response time to the pain in HP and TF tests [P<0.01] in cmparison with the control groups and the group receiving saline. The efect was however more remarkable with the 500 mg/kg dose
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the aqueous extract of CC reduced the acute peripheral pain in the mice
ABSTRACT
Effects of cimetidine [CIM] on locomotor is controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of CIM on motor activity and possible roles of opioid receptors in CIM-induced decrement in locomotor activity in mice. Thirty-six male mice [25-30gr] were divided into six groups in this study. Locomotor activity was evaluated using an automated activity monitor system. CIM [50 mg/kg, i.p.] was injected 25 min before testing in presence or absence naloxone [2 mg/kg, sc]. Morphine [5 mg/kg, i.p] was injected 25 min before testing in the presence or absence CIM. Decreased motor activity significantly. Pretreatment of or morphine did not change CIM - induced response significantly. The results showed that CIM significantly decreased motor activity in mice [P=0.000]. Pretreatment of nalxone did not change CIM-induced response significantly. Morphine alone did not change motor activity. Pretreatment of CIM did not change morphine-induced response. Data indicated that cimetidine can reduce motor activity independence from interaction with opioid receptors
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Male , Motor Activity/drug effects , Receptors, Opioid , Mice , Morphine , NaloxoneABSTRACT
This study investigated an interaction between acute restraint stress and verapamil, as a blocker of L-type voltage sensitive channels on retrieval of long-term memory. Young adult male rats were trained in one trial inhibitory avoidance task [1mA, 1.5s footshock]. On retention test given 48 hr after training, the latency to re-enter dark compartment and time spent in light chamber of the apparatus were recorded. Thirty min before retention test, the rats were exposed to a 10 min of restraint stress in a Plexiglass with or without prior treatment of verapamil [5, 10, 20 mg/kg]. The results showed verapamil pretreatment enhanced the impairing effect of stress on memory retrieval. The applied stress increased circulating corticosterone levels as assessed immediately after the retention test, indicating that stress-induced impairment of memory retrieval is mediated, in part, by increased plasma levels of glucocorticoids. Verapamil did not affect on this response. These findings indicate that acute restraint stress impair retrieval of long-term memory, and provide evidence for the existence of an interaction between stress and L-type voltage calcium channels on this process
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Male , Verapamil , Rats , Stress, Psychological , Calcium ChannelsABSTRACT
Introduction: Previous studies indicated that vasopressin as a neurotransmitter can have a role in modulation of anxiety reactions
Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the role of vasopressin as a neurotransmitter on the fear and anxiety in plus maze model
Materials and Methods: Male albino mice [mean weight of 25-30 g] were used for these experiments. First animals were randomly divided into three control and experimental groups. Then 5-10 microg/kg vasopressin was administered to experimental group and same amount of normal saline was given to control group ten minutes before the experiment. And in order to increase their movement and curiosity, they were put inside the black wall box for 5 min. Then animals were transferred to the Plus Maze and evaluated their anxiety reaction through observing the standard index of anxiety assessment
Results: Results indicated that injection of vasopressin in both doses reduced anxiety reaction as compared to saline group and in the test group animals have more number of entrances and spent more time in open arm [P<0.01]
Conclusion: The above results show that vasopressin plays an important role in reduction of anxiety in Plus Maze model